CFA 错题本

CFA 错题本

1: Rates and Returns

The minimum rate of return an investor must receive in order to accept an investment is best described as the

A. internal rate of return.

B. required rate of return.

C. expected return.

答案 Solution B A. Incorrect. The required rate of return is the minimum rate of return an investor must receive in order to accept an investment. The internal rate of return is the discount rate that makes net present value equal to zero. B. Correct. The required rate of return is the minimum rate of return an investor must receive in order to accept an investment. C. Incorrect. The required rate of return is the minimum rate of return an investor must receive in order to accept an investment. The expected return is based on the expected value of a random variable and is not the minimum rate of return an investor must receive in order to accept an investment (i.e., the expected return could also be negative). > Rates and Returns interpret interest rates as required rates of return, discount rates, or opportunity costs and explain an interest rate as the sum of a real risk-free rate and premiums that compensate investors for bearing distinct types of risk

2: Annuities

An investor purchases one share of stock for $85. Exactly one year later, the company pays a dividend of $2.00 per share. This is followed by two more annual dividends of $2.25 and $2.75 in successive years. Upon receiving the third dividend, the investor sells the share for $100. The money-weighted rate of return on this investment is closest to

A. 7.97%.

B. 8.15%.

C. 8.63%.

答案 Solution B

3

Grupo Ignacia issued 10-year corporate bonds two years ago. The bonds pay an annualized coupon of 10.7 percent on a semiannual basis, and the current annualized YTM is 11.6 percent. The current price of Grupo Ignacia’s bonds (per MXN100 of par value) is closest to:

A. MXN 95.47.
B. MXN 97.18.
C. MXN 95.39.

答案 Solution C coupon = 5.35

discount rate = 5.8

number of periods = 16

FV_2 = 1/(1 + r) + 1/(1 + r)^2 + … + 1/(1 + r)^16 + 100/(1 + r)^16

用付息时间来线性导出年化收益率

TA

TA

  • Theme: IoT in CityU
  • 14th Sep: week 2
  • week 3 - wee 13 lab period
  • week 3 - week 5: self-learning Training I and Training II
  • On site check and question the codes
  • Proposal and scenario is important — for teacher
  • week 6 - week 11: must attend and hand a log book (TA)
  • week 8: mid demo
  • week 12: final demo
  • week 13: final report
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User Guide for Accessing Central HPC Cluster (CityU Burgundy) --- 访问中央HPC集群用户指南（CityU Burgundy）

User Guide for Accessing Central HPC Cluster (CityU Burgundy) — 访问中央HPC集群用户指南（CityU Burgundy）

User Guide for Accessing Central HPC Cluster (CityU Burgundy)

访问中央HPC集群用户指南（CityU Burgundy）

Access to the System

访问系统

  • There is no graphical user interface for Burgundy, users must logon the system with Secure Shell (SSH), and “x forwarding with SSH” is supported with -Y option.
    Burgundy 没有图形用户界面，用户必须使用 Secure Shell (SSH) 登录系统，并且 -Y 选项支持“使用 SSH 进行 x 转发”。

  • Use PuTTY (on Window) or Terminal (Linux or Mac) to access Burgundy.
    使用 PuTTY（在 Window 上）或终端（Linux 或 Mac）访问 Burgundy。

  • Users should login to the system with CityU EID and Password. At the SSH terminal, type:
    用户应使用 CityU EID 和密码登录系统。在 SSH 终端输入：

    ssh @burgundy.hpc.cityu.edu.hk
    ssh @burgundy.hpc.cityu.edu.hk

    OR

    ssh @144.214.138.99
    ssh @144.214.138.99

  • PuTTY can be downloaded from https://www.putty.org/
    PuTTY 可以从 https://www.putty.org/ 下载

Job Submission 工作提交

  1. General Policy Statement 一般政策声明
    The current scheduling policy and resource restrictions, including partition, quota, and charging scheme, are temporary. The final design will be discussed, decided, and regularly reviewed by the User Committee.
    当前的调度策略和资源限制，包括分区、配额和计费方案，都是临时的。最终设计将由用户委员会讨论、决定并定期审查。

  2. Partitions and Priority  分区和优先级

    1. Job Partitions  作业分区
      • 7 CPU/GPU partitions are currently available for all users
        目前7个CPU/GPU分区可供所有用户使用
    2. Special Partitions  特殊分区
      • Please contact the HPC administrator if you need to use below partitions, or you have special needs.
        如果您需要使用以下分区，或者有特殊需求，请联系HPC管理员。
    3. Job Priority 工作优先级
    • Instead of using FIFO scheduling scheme, the scheduling priority on the HPC depends on several factors: Job Size, Job Ages, Quality of Service (QoS), Usage history (Fair Share) and the Partition Properties.
      HPC 上的调度优先级不是使用 FIFO 调度方案，而是取决于几个因素：作业大小、作业期限、服务质量 (QoS)、使用历史记录（公平共享）和分区属性。
    • Ref.  https://slurm.schedmd.com/classic_fair_share.html
      参考号https://slurm.schedmd.com/classic\_fair\_share.html
    • We are working with external consultants to enhance the scheduling policy to ensure fairness.
      我们正在与外部顾问合作，完善调度政策以确保公平性。
    • We favour multi-node jobs by offering higher scheduling priorities for these partitions. However, intentionally requesting excessive resource to take advantage of this policy is strictly prohibited. Users’ actual workloads are closely monitored, and repeated offenders of this rule will lead to account suspensions.
      我们通过为这些分区提供更高的调度优先级来支持多节点作业。但是，严禁故意请求过多资源来利用此政策。用户的实际工作负载受到密切监控，屡次违反此规则将导致帐户被暂停。

  3. Job Scheduler and Submission
    作业调度和提交

    1. Job Scheduler 作业调度程序
    • Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management (SLURM) is an open source, fault-tolerant, and highly scalable cluster management and job scheduling system for large and small Linux clusters. It has been widely used in many HPC centres.
      Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management (SLURM) 是一个开源、容错且高度可扩展的集群管理和作业调度系统，适用于大型和小型 Linux 集群。它已在许多HPC中心广泛使用。
    • Ref. https://slurm.schedmd.com/overview.html
      参考号https://slurm.schedmd.com/overview.html
    1. Job submission 作业提交

      • HPC users must familiarise themselves with SLURM commands in order to send their workloads to appropriate computational resources (CPU and GPU nodes). Four frequently used commands include sinfo, squeue, sbatch, & scancel.
        HPC 用户必须熟悉 SLURM 命令，才能将其工作负载发送到适当的计算资源（CPU 和 GPU 节点）。四个常用命令包括 sinfo、squeue、sbatch 和 scancel。

        Useful SLURM Commands: 有用的 SLURM 命令：

        squeue 排队 to check status of your jobs
        检查您的工作状态
        Job State Codes: 作业状态代码：
        __(        https://slurm.schedmd.com/squeue.html#lbAG)
        (https://slurm.schedmd.com/squeue.html#lbAG)
        RUNNING 跑步 R
        PENDING 待办的 PD
        COMPLETING 正在完成 CG
        COMPLETED 完全的 CD
        FAILED 失败的 F
        PREEMPTED 抢占 PR
        SUSPENDED 暂停 S
        STOPPED 停止 ST
        Job Reason Codes: 工作原因代码：
        (https://slurm.schedmd.com/resource_limits.html)
        (https://slurm.schedmd.com/resource\_limits.html)
        Resource 资源 The job is waiting for resources to become available and will eventually run.
        该作业正在等待资源可用并最终运行。
        Priority 优先事项 One or more higher priority jobs is in queue for running. Your job will eventually run.
        一个或多个优先级较高的作业正在队列中等待运行。你的工作最终会运行。
        QOS(Resource)Limit QOS(资源)限制 Maximum resource for your job’s QoS have been met.
        已满足作业 QoS 的最大资源。
        MaxJobsPerUser 每个用户的最大作业数 The maximum number of jobs a user can have running at a given time.
        用户在给定时间可以运行的最大作业数。
        MaxJobsPerAccount 每个帐户的最大作业数 The maximum number of jobs an account (or subaccount) can have running at a given time.
        账户（或子账户）在给定时间可以运行的最大作业数。
        GrpWall 墙体 The maximum wall clock time running jobs are able to be allocated in aggregate for a QoS or an association and its children. If this limit is reached, future jobs in this QoS or association will be queued until they are able to run inside the limit.
        可以为 QoS 或关联及其子项聚合分配运行作业的最大挂钟时间。如果达到此限制，则此 QoS 或关联中的未来作业将排队，直到它们能够在限制内运行。
        GrpTRES 组TRES The total count of TRES able to be used at any given time from jobs running from an association and its children or QoS
        从关联及其子级运行的作业在任何给定时间能够使用的 TRES 总数或 QoS
        GrpTRESMins 组TRES分钟 The total number of TRES minutes that can possibly be used by past, present and future jobs running
        过去、现在和将来运行的作业可能使用的 TRES 分钟总数
        sbatch